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# = monitor.rb
#
# Copyright (C) 2001 Shugo Maeda <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
#
# This library is distributed under the terms of the Ruby license.
# You can freely distribute/modify this library.
#
require 'thread'
#
# In concurrent programming, a monitor is an object or module intended to be
# used safely by more than one thread. The defining characteristic of a
# monitor is that its methods are executed with mutual exclusion. That is, at
# each point in time, at most one thread may be executing any of its methods.
# This mutual exclusion greatly simplifies reasoning about the implementation
# of monitors compared to reasoning about parallel code that updates a data
# structure.
#
# You can read more about the general principles on the Wikipedia page for
# Monitors[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monitor_%28synchronization%29]
#
# == Examples
#
# === Simple object.extend
#
# require 'monitor.rb'
#
# buf = []
# buf.extend(MonitorMixin)
# empty_cond = buf.new_cond
#
# # consumer
# Thread.start do
# loop do
# buf.synchronize do
# empty_cond.wait_while { buf.empty? }
# print buf.shift
# end
# end
# end
#
# # producer
# while line = ARGF.gets
# buf.synchronize do
# buf.push(line)
# empty_cond.signal
# end
# end
#
# The consumer thread waits for the producer thread to push a line to buf
# while <tt>buf.empty?</tt>. The producer thread (main thread) reads a
# line from ARGF and pushes it into buf then calls <tt>empty_cond.signal</tt>
# to notify the consumer thread of new data.
#
# === Simple Class include
#
# require 'monitor'
#
# class SynchronizedArray < Array
#
# include MonitorMixin
#
# def initialize(*args)
# super(*args)
# end
#
# alias :old_shift :shift
# alias :old_unshift :unshift
#
# def shift(n=1)
# self.synchronize do
# self.old_shift(n)
# end
# end
#
# def unshift(item)
# self.synchronize do
# self.old_unshift(item)
# end
# end
#
# # other methods ...
# end
#
# +SynchronizedArray+ implements an Array with synchronized access to items.
# This Class is implemented as subclass of Array which includes the
# MonitorMixin module.
#
module MonitorMixin
#
# FIXME: This isn't documented in Nutshell.
#
# Since MonitorMixin.new_cond returns a ConditionVariable, and the example
# above calls while_wait and signal, this class should be documented.
#
class ConditionVariable
class Timeout < Exception; end
#
# Releases the lock held in the associated monitor and waits; reacquires the lock on wakeup.
#
# If +timeout+ is given, this method returns after +timeout+ seconds passed,
# even if no other thread doesn't signal.
#
def wait(timeout = nil)
@monitor.__send__(:mon_check_owner)
count = @monitor.__send__(:mon_exit_for_cond)
begin
@cond.wait(@monitor.instance_variable_get(:@mon_mutex), timeout)
return true
ensure
@monitor.__send__(:mon_enter_for_cond, count)
end
end
#
# Calls wait repeatedly while the given block yields a truthy value.
#
def wait_while
while yield
wait
end
end
#
# Calls wait repeatedly until the given block yields a truthy value.
#
def wait_until
until yield
wait
end
end
#
# Wakes up the first thread in line waiting for this lock.
#
def signal
@monitor.__send__(:mon_check_owner)
@cond.signal
end
#
# Wakes up all threads waiting for this lock.
#
def broadcast
@monitor.__send__(:mon_check_owner)
@cond.broadcast
end
private
def initialize(monitor)
@monitor = monitor
@cond = ::ConditionVariable.new
end
end
def self.extend_object(obj)
super(obj)
obj.__send__(:mon_initialize)
end
#
# Attempts to enter exclusive section. Returns +false+ if lock fails.
#
def mon_try_enter
if @mon_owner != Thread.current
unless @mon_mutex.try_lock
return false
end
@mon_owner = Thread.current
end
@mon_count += 1
return true
end
# For backward compatibility
alias try_mon_enter mon_try_enter
#
# Enters exclusive section.
#
def mon_enter
if @mon_owner != Thread.current
@mon_mutex.lock
@mon_owner = Thread.current
end
@mon_count += 1
end
#
# Leaves exclusive section.
#
def mon_exit
mon_check_owner
@mon_count -=1
if @mon_count == 0
@mon_owner = nil
@mon_mutex.unlock
end
end
#
# Enters exclusive section and executes the block. Leaves the exclusive
# section automatically when the block exits. See example under
# +MonitorMixin+.
#
def mon_synchronize
mon_enter
begin
yield
ensure
mon_exit
end
end
alias synchronize mon_synchronize
#
# Creates a new MonitorMixin::ConditionVariable associated with the
# receiver.
#
def new_cond
return ConditionVariable.new(self)
end
private
# Use <tt>extend MonitorMixin</tt> or <tt>include MonitorMixin</tt> instead
# of this constructor. Have look at the examples above to understand how to
# use this module.
def initialize(*args)
super
mon_initialize
end
# Initializes the MonitorMixin after being included in a class or when an
# object has been extended with the MonitorMixin
def mon_initialize
@mon_owner = nil
@mon_count = 0
@mon_mutex = Mutex.new
end
def mon_check_owner
if @mon_owner != Thread.current
raise ThreadError, "current thread not owner"
end
end
def mon_enter_for_cond(count)
@mon_owner = Thread.current
@mon_count = count
end
def mon_exit_for_cond
count = @mon_count
@mon_owner = nil
@mon_count = 0
return count
end
end
# Use the Monitor class when you want to have a lock object for blocks with
# mutual exclusion.
#
# require 'monitor'
#
# lock = Monitor.new
# lock.synchronize do
# # exclusive access
# end
#
class Monitor
include MonitorMixin
alias try_enter try_mon_enter
alias enter mon_enter
alias exit mon_exit
end
# Documentation comments:
# - All documentation comes from Nutshell.
# - MonitorMixin.new_cond appears in the example, but is not documented in
# Nutshell.
# - All the internals (internal modules Accessible and Initializable, class
# ConditionVariable) appear in RDoc. It might be good to hide them, by
# making them private, or marking them :nodoc:, etc.
# - RDoc doesn't recognise aliases, so we have mon_synchronize documented, but
# not synchronize.
# - mon_owner is in Nutshell, but appears as an accessor in a separate module
# here, so is hard/impossible to RDoc. Some other useful accessors
# (mon_count and some queue stuff) are also in this module, and don't appear
# directly in the RDoc output.
# - in short, it may be worth changing the code layout in this file to make the
# documentation easier
# Local variables:
# mode: Ruby
# tab-width: 8
# End: