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package Image::Xbm ; # Documented at the __END__
# $Id: Xbm.pm,v 1.19 2000/11/09 19:05:31 mark Exp mark $
use strict ;
use vars qw( $VERSION @ISA ) ;
$VERSION = '1.08' ;
use Image::Base ;
@ISA = qw( Image::Base ) ;
use Carp qw( carp croak ) ;
use Symbol () ;
# Private class data
my $DEF_SIZE = 8192 ;
my $UNSET = -1 ;
my $MASK = 7 ;
my $ROWS = 12 ;
# If you inherit don't clobber these fields!
my @FIELD = qw( -file -width -height -hotx -hoty -bits
-setch -unsetch -sethotch -unsethotch ) ;
my @MASK = ( 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80 ) ;
### Private methods
#
# _class_get class object
# _class_set class object
# _get object inherited
# _set object inherited
{
my %Ch = ( -setch => '#', -unsetch => '-',
-sethotch => 'H', -unsethotch => 'h' ) ;
sub _class_get { # Class and object method
my $self = shift ;
my $class = ref( $self ) || $self ;
$Ch{shift()} ;
}
sub _class_set { # Class and object method
my $self = shift ;
my $class = ref( $self ) || $self ;
my $field = shift ;
my $val = shift ;
croak "_class_set() `$field' has no value" unless defined $val ;
$Ch{$field} = $val ;
}
}
sub DESTROY {
; # Save's time
}
### Public methods
sub new_from_string { # Class and object method
my $self = shift ;
my $class = ref( $self ) || $self ;
my @line ;
if( @_ > 1 ) {
chomp( @line = @_ ) ;
}
else {
@line = split /\n/, $_[0] ;
}
my( $setch, $sethotch, $unsethotch ) =
$class->get( '-setch', '-sethotch', '-unsethotch' ) ;
my $width ;
my $y = 0 ;
$self = $class->new( '-width' => $DEF_SIZE, '-height' => $DEF_SIZE ) ;
foreach my $line ( @line ) {
next if $line =~ /^\s*$/ ;
unless( defined $width ) {
$width = length $line ;
$self->_set( '-width' => $width ) ;
}
for( my $x = 0 ; $x < $width ; $x++ ) {
my $c = substr( $line, $x, 1 ) ;
$self->xybit( $x, $y, $c eq $setch ? 1 : $c eq $sethotch ? 1 : 0 ) ;
$self->set( '-hotx' => $x, '-hoty' => $y )
if $c eq $sethotch or $c eq $unsethotch ;
}
$y++ ;
}
$self->_set( '-height' => $y ) ;
$self ;
}
sub new { # Class and object method
my $self = shift ;
my $class = ref( $self ) || $self ;
my $obj = ref $self ? $self : undef ;
my %arg = @_ ;
# Defaults
$self = {
'-hotx' => $UNSET,
'-hoty' => $UNSET,
'-bits' => '',
} ;
bless $self, $class ;
# If $obj->new copy original object's data
if( defined $obj ) {
foreach my $field ( @FIELD ) {
$self->_set( $field, $obj->get( $field ) ) ;
}
}
# Any options specified override
foreach my $field ( @FIELD ) {
$self->_set( $field, $arg{$field} ) if defined $arg{$field} ;
}
my $file = $self->get( '-file' ) ;
$self->load if defined $file and -r $file and not $self->{'-bits'} ;
croak "new() `$file' not found or unreadable"
if defined $file and not defined $self->get( '-width' ) ;
foreach my $field ( qw( -width -height ) ) {
croak "new() $field must be set" unless defined $self->get( $field ) ;
}
$self ;
}
sub new_from_serialised { # Class and object method
my $self = shift ;
my $class = ref( $self ) || $self ;
my $serialised = shift ;
$self = $class->new( '-width' => $DEF_SIZE, '-height' => $DEF_SIZE ) ;
my( $flen, $blen, $width, $height, $hotx, $hoty, $data ) =
unpack "n N n n n n A*", $serialised ;
my( $file, $bits ) = unpack "A$flen A$blen", $data ;
$self->_set( '-file' => $file ) ;
$self->_set( '-width' => $width ) ;
$self->_set( '-height' => $height ) ;
$self->_set( '-hotx' => $hotx > $width ? $UNSET : $hotx ) ;
$self->_set( '-hoty' => $hoty > $height ? $UNSET : $hoty ) ;
$self->_set( '-bits' => $bits ) ;
$self ;
}
sub serialise { # Object method
my $self = shift ;
# my $class = ref( $self ) || $self ;
my( $file, $bits ) = $self->get( -file, -bits ) ;
my $flen = length( $file ) ;
my $blen = length( $bits ) ;
pack "n N n n n n A$flen A$blen",
$flen, $blen,
$self->get( -width ), $self->get( -height ),
$self->get( -hotx ), $self->get( -hoty ),
$file, $bits ;
}
sub get { # Object method (and class method for class attributes)
my $self = shift ;
my $class = ref( $self ) || $self ;
my @result ;
while( @_ ) {
my $field = shift ;
if( $field =~ /^-(?:un)?set(?:hot)?ch$/o ) {
push @result, $class->_class_get( $field ) ;
}
else {
push @result, $self->_get( $field ) ;
}
}
wantarray ? @result : shift @result ;
}
sub set { # Object method (and class method for class attributes)
my $self = shift ;
my $class = ref( $self ) || $self ;
while( @_ ) {
my $field = shift ;
my $val = shift ;
carp "set() -field has no value" unless defined $val ;
carp "set() $field is read-only"
if $field eq '-bits' or $field eq '-width' or $field eq '-height' ;
carp "set() -hotx `$val' is out of range"
if $field eq '-hotx' and ( $val < $UNSET or $val >= $self->get( '-width' ) ) ;
carp "set() -hoty `$val' is out of range"
if $field eq '-hoty' and ( $val < $UNSET or $val >= $self->get( '-height' ) ) ;
if( $field =~ /^-(?:un)?set(?:hot)?ch$/o ) {
$class->_class_set( $field, $val ) ;
}
else {
$self->_set( $field, $val ) ;
}
}
}
sub xybit { # Object method
my $self = shift ;
# my $class = ref( $self ) || $self ;
my( $x, $y, $val ) = @_ ;
# No range checking
my $offset = ( $y * $self->get( '-width' ) ) + $x ;
if( defined $val ) {
CORE::vec( $self->{'-bits'}, $offset, 1 ) = $val ;
}
else {
CORE::vec( $self->{'-bits'}, $offset, 1 ) ;
}
}
sub xy { # Object method
my $self = shift ;
# my $class = ref( $self ) || $self ;
my( $x, $y, $val ) = @_ ;
# No range checking
my $offset = ( $y * $self->get( '-width' ) ) + $x ;
if( defined $val ) {
$val = 1 if ( $val =~ /^\d+$/ and $val >= 1 ) or
( lc $val eq 'black' ) or
( $val =~ /^#(\d+)$/ and hex $1 ) ;
CORE::vec( $self->{'-bits'}, $offset, 1 ) = $val ;
}
else {
CORE::vec( $self->{'-bits'}, $offset, 1 ) ? 'black' : 'white' ;
}
}
sub vec { # Object method
my $self = shift ;
# my $class = ref( $self ) || $self ;
my( $offset, $val ) = @_ ;
# No range checking
if( defined $val ) {
CORE::vec( $self->{'-bits'}, $offset, 1 ) = $val ;
}
else {
CORE::vec( $self->{'-bits'}, $offset, 1 ) ;
}
}
sub is_equal { # Object method
my $self = shift ;
my $class = ref( $self ) || $self ;
my $obj = shift ;
croak "is_equal() can only compare $class objects"
unless ref $obj and $obj->isa( __PACKAGE__ ) ;
# We ignore -file, -hotx and -hoty when we consider equality.
return 0 if $self->get( '-width' ) != $obj->get( '-width' ) or
$self->get( '-height' ) != $obj->get( '-height' ) or
$self->get( '-bits' ) ne $obj->get( '-bits' ) ;
1 ;
}
sub as_string { # Object method
my $self = shift ;
# my $class = ref( $self ) || $self ;
my $hotch = shift || 0 ;
my( $setch, $unsetch,
$sethotch, $unsethotch,
$hotx, $hoty,
$bits,
$width, $height ) =
$self->get(
'-setch', '-unsetch',
'-sethotch', '-unsethotch',
'-hotx', '-hoty',
'-bits',
'-width', '-height' ) ;
my $bitindex = 0 ;
my $string = '' ;
for( my $y = 0 ; $y < $height ; $y++ ) {
for( my $x = 0 ; $x < $width ; $x++ ) {
if( $hotch and $x == $hotx and $y == $hoty ) {
$string .= CORE::vec( $bits, $bitindex, 1 ) ?
$sethotch : $unsethotch ;
}
else {
$string .= CORE::vec( $bits, $bitindex, 1 ) ?
$setch : $unsetch ;
}
$bitindex++ ;
}
$string .= "\n" ;
}
$string ;
}
sub as_binstring { # Object method
my $self = shift ;
# my $class = ref( $self ) || $self ;
unpack "b*", $self->get( '-bits' ) ;
}
# The algorithm is based on the one used in Thomas Boutell's GD library.
sub load { # Object method
my $self = shift ;
# my $class = ref( $self ) || $self ;
my $file = shift() || $self->get( '-file' ) ;
croak "load() no file specified" unless $file ;
$self->set( '-file', $file ) ;
my( @val, $width, $height, $hotx, $hoty ) ;
local $_ ;
my $fh = Symbol::gensym ;
if( not ref $file ) {
open $fh, $file or croak "load() failed to open `$file': $!" ;
}
elsif( ref($file) eq 'SCALAR' ) {
require IO::String;
$fh = IO::String->new( $$file );
}
else {
seek($file, 0, 0) or croak "load() can't rewind handle for `$file': $!";
$fh = $file;
}
while( <$fh> ) {
$width = $1, next if /#define.*width\s+(\d+)/o ;
$height = $1, next if /#define.*height\s+(\d+)/o ;
$hotx = $1, next if /#define.*_x_hot\s+(\d+)/o ;
$hoty = $1, next if /#define.*_y_hot\s+(\d+)/o ;
push @val, map { hex } /0[xX]([A-Fa-f\d][A-Fa-f\d]?)/g ;
}
croak "load() failed to find dimension(s) in `$file'"
unless defined $width and defined $height ;
close $fh or croak "load() failed to close `$file': $!" ;
$self->_set( '-width', $width ) ;
$self->_set( '-height', $height ) ;
$self->set( '-hotx', defined $hotx ? $hotx : $UNSET ) ;
$self->set( '-hoty', defined $hoty ? $hoty : $UNSET ) ;
my( $x, $y ) = ( 0, 0 ) ;
my $bitindex = 0 ;
my $bits = '' ;
BYTE:
for( my $i = 0 ; ; $i++ ) {
BIT:
for( my $bit = 1 ; $bit <= 128 ; $bit <<= 1 ) {
CORE::vec( $bits, $bitindex++, 1 ) = ( $val[$i] & $bit ) ? 1 : 0 ;
$x++ ;
if( $x == $width ) {
$x = 0 ;
$y++ ;
last BYTE if $y == $height ;
last BIT ;
}
}
}
$self->_set( '-bits', $bits ) ;
}
# The algorithm is based on the X Consortium's bmtoa program.
sub save { # Object method
my $self = shift ;
# my $class = ref( $self ) || $self ;
my $file = shift() || $self->get( '-file' ) ;
croak "save() no file specified" unless $file ;
$self->set( '-file', $file ) ;
my( $width, $height, $hotx, $hoty ) =
$self->get( '-width', '-height', '-hotx', '-hoty' ) ;
my $MASK1 = $MASK + 1 ;
my $ROWSn1 = $ROWS - 1 ;
my $fh = Symbol::gensym ;
open $fh, ">$file" or croak "save() failed to open `$file': $!" ;
$file =~ s,^.*/,,o ;
$file =~ s/\.xbm$//o ;
$file =~ tr/[-_A-Za-z0-9]/_/c ;
print $fh "#define ${file}_width $width\n#define ${file}_height $height\n" ;
print $fh "#define ${file}_x_hot $hotx\n#define ${file}_y_hot $hoty\n"
if $hotx > $UNSET and $hoty > $UNSET ;
print $fh "static unsigned char ${file}_bits[] = {\n" ;
my $padded = ( $width & $MASK ) != 0 ;
my @char ;
my $char = 0 ;
for( my $y = 0 ; $y < $height ; $y++ ) {
for( my $x = 0 ; $x < $width ; $x++ ) {
my $mask = $x & $MASK ;
$char[$char] = 0 unless defined $char[$char] ;
$char[$char] |= $MASK[$mask] if $self->xybit( $x, $y ) ;
$char++ if $mask == $MASK ;
}
$char++ if $padded ;
}
my $i = 0 ;
my $bytes_per_char = ( $width + $MASK ) / $MASK1 ;
foreach $char ( @char ) {
printf $fh " 0x%02x", $char ;
print $fh "," unless $i == $#char ;
print $fh "\n" if $i % $ROWS == $ROWSn1 ;
$i++ ;
}
print $fh " } ;\n";
close $fh or croak "save() failed to close `$file': $!" ;
}
1 ;
__END__
=head1 NAME
Image::Xbm - Load, create, manipulate and save xbm image files.
=head1 SYNOPSIS
use Image::Xbm ;
my $j = Image::Xbm->new( -file, 'balArrow.xbm' ) ;
my $i = Image::Xbm->new( -width => 10, -height => 16 ) ;
my $h = $i->new ; # Copy of $i
my $p = Image::Xbm->new_from_string( "###\n#-#\n###" ) ;
my $q = $p->new_from_string( "H##", "#-#", "###" ) ;
my $s = $q->serialse ; # Compresses a little too.
my $t = Image::Xbm->new_from_serialsed( $s ) ;
$i->xybit( 5, 8, 1 ) ; # Set a bit
print '1' if $i->xybit( 9, 3 ) ; # Get a bit
print $i->xy( 4, 5 ) ; # Will print black or white
$i->vec( 24, 0 ) ; # Set a bit using a vector offset
print '1' if $i->vec( 24 ) ; # Get a bit using a vector offset
print $i->get( -width ) ; # Get and set object and class attributes
$i->set( -height, 15 ) ;
$i->load( 'test.xbm' ) ;
$i->save ;
print "equal\n" if $i->is_equal( $j ) ;
print $j->as_string ;
#####-
###---
###---
#--#--
#---#-
-----#
print $j->as_binstring ;
1111101110001110001001001000100000010000
View an xbm file from the command line:
% perl -MImage::Xbm -e'print Image::Xbm->new(-file,shift)->as_string' file
Create an xbm file from the command line:
% perl -MImage::Xbm -e'Image::Xbm->new_from_string("###\n#-#\n-#-")->save("test.xbm")'
=head1 DESCRIPTION
This class module provides basic load, manipulate and save functionality for
the xbm file format. It inherits from C<Image::Base> which provides additional
manipulation functionality, e.g. C<new_from_image()>. See the C<Image::Base>
pod for information on adding your own functionality to all the C<Image::Base>
derived classes.
=head2 new()
my $i = Image::Xbm->new( -file => 'test.xbm' ) ;
my $j = Image::Xbm->new( -width => 12, -height => 18 ) ;
my $k = $i->new ;
We can create a new xbm image by reading in a file, or by creating an image
from scratch (all the bits are unset by default), or by copying an image
object that we created earlier.
If we set C<-file> then all the other arguments are ignored (since they're
taken from the file). If we don't specify a file, C<-width> and C<-height> are
mandatory.
=over
=item C<-file>
The name of the file to read when creating the image. May contain a full path.
This is also the default name used for C<load>ing and C<save>ing, though it
can be overridden when you load or save.
=item C<-width>
The width of the image; taken from the file or set when the object is created;
read-only.
=item C<-height>
The height of the image; taken from the file or set when the object is created;
read-only.
=item C<-hotx>
The x-coord of the image's hotspot; taken from the file or set when the object
is created. Set to -1 if there is no hotspot.
=item C<-hoty>
The y-coord of the image's hotspot; taken from the file or set when the object
is created. Set to -1 if there is no hotspot.
=item C<-bits>
The bit vector that stores the image; read-only.
=back
=head2 new_from_string()
my $p = Image::Xbm->new_from_string( "###\n#-#\n###" ) ;
my $q = $p->new_from_string( "H##", "#-#", "###" ) ;
my $r = $p->new_from_string( $p->as_string ) ;
Create a new bitmap from a string or from an array or list of strings. If you
want to use different characters you can:
Image::Xbm->set( -setch => 'X', -unsetch => ' ' ) ;
my $s = $p->new_from_string( "XXX", "X X", "XhX" ) ;
You can also specify a hotspot by making one of the characters a 'H' (set bit
hotspot) or 'h' (unset bit hotspot) -- you can use different characters by
setting C<-sethotch> and C<-unsethotch> respectively.
=head2 new_from_serialised()
my $i = Image::Xbm->new_from_serialised( $s ) ;
Creates an image from a string created with the C<serialse()> method. Since
such strings are a little more compressed than xbm files or Image::Xbm objects
they might be useful if storing a lot of bitmaps, or for transferring bitmaps
over comms links.
=head2 serialise()
my $s = $i->serialise ;
Creates a string version of the image which can be completed recreated using
the C<new_from_serialised> method.
=head2 get()
my $width = $i->get( -width ) ;
my( $hotx, $hoty ) = $i->get( -hotx, -hoty ) ;
Get any of the object's attributes. Multiple attributes may be requested in a
single call.
See C<xy> and C<vec> to get/set bits of the image itself.
=head2 set()
$i->set( -hotx => 120, -hoty => 32 ) ;
Set any of the object's attributes. Multiple attributes may be set in a single
call. Except for C<-setch> and C<-unsetch> all attributes are object
attributes; some attributes are read-only.
See C<xy> and C<vec> to get/set bits of the image itself.
=head2 class attributes
Image::Xbm->set( -setch => 'X' ) ;
$i->set( -setch => '@', -unsetch => '*' ) ;
=over
=item C<-setch>
The character to print set bits as when using C<as_string>, default is '#'.
This is a class attribute accessible from the class or an object via C<get>
and C<set>.
=item C<-unsetch>
The character to print set bits as when using C<as_string>, default is '-'.
This is a class attribute accessible from the class or an object via C<get>
and C<set>.
=item C<-sethotch>
The character to print set bits as when using C<as_string>, default is 'H'.
This is a class attribute accessible from the class or an object via C<get>
and C<set>.
=item C<-unsethotch>
The character to print set bits as when using C<as_string>, default is 'h'.
This is a class attribute accessible from the class or an object via C<get>
and C<set>.
=back
=head2 xybit()
$i->xy( 4, 11, 1 ) ; # Set the bit at point 4,11
my $v = $i->xy( 9, 17 ) ; # Get the bit at point 9,17
Get/set bits using x, y coordinates; coordinates start at 0.
=head2 xy()
$i->xy( 4, 11, 'black' ) ; # Set the bit from a colour at point 4,11
my $v = $i->xy( 9, 17 ) ; # Get the bit as a colour at point 9,17
Get/set bits using colours using x, y coordinates; coordinates start at 0.
If set with a colour of 'black' or a numeric value > 0 or a string not
matching /^#0+$/ then the bit will be set, otherwise it will be cleared.
If you get a colour you will always get 'black' or 'white'.
=head2 vec()
$i->vec( 43, 0 ) ; # Unset the bit at offset 43
my $v = $i->vec( 87 ) ; # Get the bit at offset 87
Get/set bits using vector offsets; offsets start at 0.
=head2 load()
$i->load ;
$i->load( 'test.xbm' ) ;
Load the image whose name is given, or if none is given load the image whose
name is in the C<-file> attribute.
=head2 save()
$i->save ;
$i->save( 'test.xbm' ) ;
Save the image using the name given, or if none is given save the image using
the name in the C<-file> attribute. The image is saved in xbm format, e.g.
#define test_width 6
#define test_height 6
static unsigned char test_bits[] = {
0x1f, 0x07, 0x07, 0x09, 0x11, 0x20 } ;
=head2 is_equal()
print "equal\n" if $i->is_equal( $j ) ;
Returns true (1) if the images are equal, false (0) otherwise. Note that
hotspots and filenames are ignored, so we compare width, height and the actual
bits only.
=head2 as_string()
print $i->as_string ;
Returns the image as a string, e.g.
#####-
###---
###---
#--#--
#---#-
-----#
The characters used may be changed by C<set>ting the C<-setch> and C<-unsetch>
characters. If you give C<as_string> a parameter it will print out the hotspot
if present using C<-sethotch> or C<-unsethotch> as appropriate, e.g.
print $n->as_string( 1 ) ;
H##
#-#
###
=head2 as_binstring()
print $i->as_binstring ;
Returns the image as a string of 0's and 1's, e.g.
1111101110001110001001001000100000010000
=head1 CHANGES
2000/11/09
Added Jerrad Pierce's patch to allow load() to accept filehandles or strings;
will document in next release.
2000/05/05
Added new_from_serialised() and serialise() methods.
2000/05/04
Made xy() compatible with Image::Base, use xybit() for the earlier
functionality.
2000/05/01
Improved speed of vec(), xy() and as_string().
Tried use integer to improve speed but according to Benchmark it made the code
slower so I dropped it; interestingly perl 5.6.0 was around 25% slower than
perl 5.004 with and without use integer.
2000/04/30
Created.
=head1 AUTHOR
Mark Summerfield. I can be contacted as <summer@perlpress.com> -
please include the word 'xbm' in the subject line.
=head1 COPYRIGHT
Copyright (c) Mark Summerfield 2000. All Rights Reserved.
This module may be used/distributed/modified under the LGPL.
=cut