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# Copyright (C) 2000 Network Applied Communication Laboratory, Inc. # Copyright (C) 2000 Information-technology Promotion Agency, Japan # Copyright (C) 2000-2003 NAKAMURA, Hiroshi <nahi@ruby-lang.org> require 'continuation' if $SAFE > 0 STDERR.print "-r debug.rb is not available in safe mode\n" exit 1 end require 'tracer' require 'pp' class Tracer # :nodoc: def Tracer.trace_func(*vars) Single.trace_func(*vars) end end SCRIPT_LINES__ = {} unless defined? SCRIPT_LINES__ # :nodoc: ## # This library provides debugging functionality to Ruby. # # To add a debugger to your code, start by requiring +debug+ in your # program: # # def say(word) # require 'debug' # puts word # end # # This will cause Ruby to interrupt execution and show a prompt when the +say+ # method is run. # # Once you're inside the prompt, you can start debugging your program. # # (rdb:1) p word # "hello" # # == Getting help # # You can get help at any time by pressing +h+. # # (rdb:1) h # Debugger help v.-0.002b # Commands # b[reak] [file:|class:]<line|method> # b[reak] [class.]<line|method> # set breakpoint to some position # wat[ch] <expression> set watchpoint to some expression # cat[ch] (<exception>|off) set catchpoint to an exception # b[reak] list breakpoints # cat[ch] show catchpoint # del[ete][ nnn] delete some or all breakpoints # disp[lay] <expression> add expression into display expression list # undisp[lay][ nnn] delete one particular or all display expressions # c[ont] run until program ends or hit breakpoint # s[tep][ nnn] step (into methods) one line or till line nnn # n[ext][ nnn] go over one line or till line nnn # w[here] display frames # f[rame] alias for where # l[ist][ (-|nn-mm)] list program, - lists backwards # nn-mm lists given lines # up[ nn] move to higher frame # down[ nn] move to lower frame # fin[ish] return to outer frame # tr[ace] (on|off) set trace mode of current thread # tr[ace] (on|off) all set trace mode of all threads # q[uit] exit from debugger # v[ar] g[lobal] show global variables # v[ar] l[ocal] show local variables # v[ar] i[nstance] <object> show instance variables of object # v[ar] c[onst] <object> show constants of object # m[ethod] i[nstance] <obj> show methods of object # m[ethod] <class|module> show instance methods of class or module # th[read] l[ist] list all threads # th[read] c[ur[rent]] show current thread # th[read] [sw[itch]] <nnn> switch thread context to nnn # th[read] stop <nnn> stop thread nnn # th[read] resume <nnn> resume thread nnn # p expression evaluate expression and print its value # h[elp] print this help # <everything else> evaluate # # == Usage # # The following is a list of common functionalities that the debugger # provides. # # === Navigating through your code # # In general, a debugger is used to find bugs in your program, which # often means pausing execution and inspecting variables at some point # in time. # # Let's look at an example: # # def my_method(foo) # require 'debug' # foo = get_foo if foo.nil? # raise if foo.nil? # end # # When you run this program, the debugger will kick in just before the # +foo+ assignment. # # (rdb:1) p foo # nil # # In this example, it'd be interesting to move to the next line and # inspect the value of +foo+ again. You can do that by pressing +n+: # # (rdb:1) n # goes to next line # (rdb:1) p foo # nil # # You now know that the original value of +foo+ was nil, and that it # still was nil after calling +get_foo+. # # Other useful commands for navigating through your code are: # # +c+:: # Runs the program until it either exists or encounters another breakpoint. # You usually press +c+ when you are finished debugging your program and # want to resume its execution. # +s+:: # Steps into method definition. In the previous example, +s+ would take you # inside the method definition of +get_foo+. # +r+:: # Restart the program. # +q+:: # Quit the program. # # === Inspecting variables # # You can use the debugger to easily inspect both local and global variables. # We've seen how to inspect local variables before: # # (rdb:1) p my_arg # 42 # # You can also pretty print the result of variables or expressions: # # (rdb:1) pp %w{a very long long array containing many words} # ["a", # "very", # "long", # ... # ] # # You can list all local variables with +v l+: # # (rdb:1) v l # foo => "hello" # # Similarly, you can show all global variables with +v g+: # # (rdb:1) v g # all global variables # # Finally, you can omit +p+ if you simply want to evaluate a variable or # expression # # (rdb:1) 5**2 # 25 # # === Going beyond basics # # Ruby Debug provides more advanced functionalities like switching # between threads, setting breakpoints and watch expressions, and more. # The full list of commands is available at any time by pressing +h+. # # == Staying out of trouble # # Make sure you remove every instance of +require 'debug'+ before # shipping your code. Failing to do so may result in your program # hanging unpredictably. # # Debug is not available in safe mode. class DEBUGGER__ MUTEX = Mutex.new # :nodoc: class Context # :nodoc: DEBUG_LAST_CMD = [] begin require 'readline' def readline(prompt, hist) Readline::readline(prompt, hist) end rescue LoadError def readline(prompt, hist) STDOUT.print prompt STDOUT.flush line = STDIN.gets exit unless line line.chomp! line end USE_READLINE = false end def initialize if Thread.current == Thread.main @stop_next = 1 else @stop_next = 0 end @last_file = nil @file = nil @line = nil @no_step = nil @frames = [] @finish_pos = 0 @trace = false @catch = "StandardError" @suspend_next = false end def stop_next(n=1) @stop_next = n end def set_suspend @suspend_next = true end def clear_suspend @suspend_next = false end def suspend_all DEBUGGER__.suspend end def resume_all DEBUGGER__.resume end def check_suspend while MUTEX.synchronize { if @suspend_next DEBUGGER__.waiting.push Thread.current @suspend_next = false true end } end end def trace? @trace end def set_trace(arg) @trace = arg end def stdout DEBUGGER__.stdout end def break_points DEBUGGER__.break_points end def display DEBUGGER__.display end def context(th) DEBUGGER__.context(th) end def set_trace_all(arg) DEBUGGER__.set_trace(arg) end def set_last_thread(th) DEBUGGER__.set_last_thread(th) end def debug_eval(str, binding) begin eval(str, binding) rescue StandardError, ScriptError => e at = eval("caller(1)", binding) stdout.printf "%s:%s\n", at.shift, e.to_s.sub(/\(eval\):1:(in `.*?':)?/, '') for i in at stdout.printf "\tfrom %s\n", i end throw :debug_error end end def debug_silent_eval(str, binding) begin eval(str, binding) rescue StandardError, ScriptError nil end end def var_list(ary, binding) ary.sort! for v in ary stdout.printf " %s => %s\n", v, eval(v.to_s, binding).inspect end end def debug_variable_info(input, binding) case input when /^\s*g(?:lobal)?\s*$/ var_list(global_variables, binding) when /^\s*l(?:ocal)?\s*$/ var_list(eval("local_variables", binding), binding) when /^\s*i(?:nstance)?\s+/ obj = debug_eval($', binding) var_list(obj.instance_variables, obj.instance_eval{binding()}) when /^\s*c(?:onst(?:ant)?)?\s+/ obj = debug_eval($', binding) unless obj.kind_of? Module stdout.print "Should be Class/Module: ", $', "\n" else var_list(obj.constants, obj.module_eval{binding()}) end end end def debug_method_info(input, binding) case input when /^i(:?nstance)?\s+/ obj = debug_eval($', binding) len = 0 for v in obj.methods.sort len += v.size + 1 if len > 70 len = v.size + 1 stdout.print "\n" end stdout.print v, " " end stdout.print "\n" else obj = debug_eval(input, binding) unless obj.kind_of? Module stdout.print "Should be Class/Module: ", input, "\n" else len = 0 for v in obj.instance_methods(false).sort len += v.size + 1 if len > 70 len = v.size + 1 stdout.print "\n" end stdout.print v, " " end stdout.print "\n" end end end def thnum num = DEBUGGER__.instance_eval{@thread_list[Thread.current]} unless num DEBUGGER__.make_thread_list num = DEBUGGER__.instance_eval{@thread_list[Thread.current]} end num end def debug_command(file, line, id, binding) MUTEX.lock unless defined?($debugger_restart) and $debugger_restart callcc{|c| $debugger_restart = c} end set_last_thread(Thread.current) frame_pos = 0 binding_file = file binding_line = line previous_line = nil if ENV['EMACS'] stdout.printf "\032\032%s:%d:\n", binding_file, binding_line else stdout.printf "%s:%d:%s", binding_file, binding_line, line_at(binding_file, binding_line) end @frames[0] = [binding, file, line, id] display_expressions(binding) prompt = true while prompt and input = readline("(rdb:%d) "%thnum(), true) catch(:debug_error) do if input == "" next unless DEBUG_LAST_CMD[0] input = DEBUG_LAST_CMD[0] stdout.print input, "\n" else DEBUG_LAST_CMD[0] = input end case input when /^\s*tr(?:ace)?(?:\s+(on|off))?(?:\s+(all))?$/ if defined?( $2 ) if $1 == 'on' set_trace_all true else set_trace_all false end elsif defined?( $1 ) if $1 == 'on' set_trace true else set_trace false end end if trace? stdout.print "Trace on.\n" else stdout.print "Trace off.\n" end when /^\s*b(?:reak)?\s+(?:(.+):)?([^.:]+)$/ pos = $2 if $1 klass = debug_silent_eval($1, binding) file = $1 end if pos =~ /^\d+$/ pname = pos pos = pos.to_i else pname = pos = pos.intern.id2name end break_points.push [true, 0, klass || file, pos] stdout.printf "Set breakpoint %d at %s:%s\n", break_points.size, klass || file, pname when /^\s*b(?:reak)?\s+(.+)[#.]([^.:]+)$/ pos = $2.intern.id2name klass = debug_eval($1, binding) break_points.push [true, 0, klass, pos] stdout.printf "Set breakpoint %d at %s.%s\n", break_points.size, klass, pos when /^\s*wat(?:ch)?\s+(.+)$/ exp = $1 break_points.push [true, 1, exp] stdout.printf "Set watchpoint %d:%s\n", break_points.size, exp when /^\s*b(?:reak)?$/ if break_points.find{|b| b[1] == 0} n = 1 stdout.print "Breakpoints:\n" break_points.each do |b| if b[0] and b[1] == 0 stdout.printf " %d %s:%s\n", n, b[2], b[3] end n += 1 end end if break_points.find{|b| b[1] == 1} n = 1 stdout.print "\n" stdout.print "Watchpoints:\n" for b in break_points if b[0] and b[1] == 1 stdout.printf " %d %s\n", n, b[2] end n += 1 end end if break_points.size == 0 stdout.print "No breakpoints\n" else stdout.print "\n" end when /^\s*del(?:ete)?(?:\s+(\d+))?$/ pos = $1 unless pos input = readline("Clear all breakpoints? (y/n) ", false) if input == "y" for b in break_points b[0] = false end end else pos = pos.to_i if break_points[pos-1] break_points[pos-1][0] = false else stdout.printf "Breakpoint %d is not defined\n", pos end end when /^\s*disp(?:lay)?\s+(.+)$/ exp = $1 display.push [true, exp] stdout.printf "%d: ", display.size display_expression(exp, binding) when /^\s*disp(?:lay)?$/ display_expressions(binding) when /^\s*undisp(?:lay)?(?:\s+(\d+))?$/ pos = $1 unless pos input = readline("Clear all expressions? (y/n) ", false) if input == "y" for d in display d[0] = false end end else pos = pos.to_i if display[pos-1] display[pos-1][0] = false else stdout.printf "Display expression %d is not defined\n", pos end end when /^\s*c(?:ont)?$/ prompt = false when /^\s*s(?:tep)?(?:\s+(\d+))?$/ if $1 lev = $1.to_i else lev = 1 end @stop_next = lev prompt = false when /^\s*n(?:ext)?(?:\s+(\d+))?$/ if $1 lev = $1.to_i else lev = 1 end @stop_next = lev @no_step = @frames.size - frame_pos prompt = false when /^\s*w(?:here)?$/, /^\s*f(?:rame)?$/ display_frames(frame_pos) when /^\s*l(?:ist)?(?:\s+(.+))?$/ if not $1 b = previous_line ? previous_line + 10 : binding_line - 5 e = b + 9 elsif $1 == '-' b = previous_line ? previous_line - 10 : binding_line - 5 e = b + 9 else b, e = $1.split(/[-,]/) if e b = b.to_i e = e.to_i else b = b.to_i - 5 e = b + 9 end end previous_line = b display_list(b, e, binding_file, binding_line) when /^\s*up(?:\s+(\d+))?$/ previous_line = nil if $1 lev = $1.to_i else lev = 1 end frame_pos += lev if frame_pos >= @frames.size frame_pos = @frames.size - 1 stdout.print "At toplevel\n" end binding, binding_file, binding_line = @frames[frame_pos] stdout.print format_frame(frame_pos) when /^\s*down(?:\s+(\d+))?$/ previous_line = nil if $1 lev = $1.to_i else lev = 1 end frame_pos -= lev if frame_pos < 0 frame_pos = 0 stdout.print "At stack bottom\n" end binding, binding_file, binding_line = @frames[frame_pos] stdout.print format_frame(frame_pos) when /^\s*fin(?:ish)?$/ if frame_pos == @frames.size stdout.print "\"finish\" not meaningful in the outermost frame.\n" else @finish_pos = @frames.size - frame_pos frame_pos = 0 prompt = false end when /^\s*cat(?:ch)?(?:\s+(.+))?$/ if $1 excn = $1 if excn == 'off' @catch = nil stdout.print "Clear catchpoint.\n" else @catch = excn stdout.printf "Set catchpoint %s.\n", @catch end else if @catch stdout.printf "Catchpoint %s.\n", @catch else stdout.print "No catchpoint.\n" end end when /^\s*q(?:uit)?$/ input = readline("Really quit? (y/n) ", false) if input == "y" exit! # exit -> exit!: No graceful way to stop threads... end when /^\s*v(?:ar)?\s+/ debug_variable_info($', binding) when /^\s*m(?:ethod)?\s+/ debug_method_info($', binding) when /^\s*th(?:read)?\s+/ if DEBUGGER__.debug_thread_info($', binding) == :cont prompt = false end when /^\s*pp\s+/ PP.pp(debug_eval($', binding), stdout) when /^\s*p\s+/ stdout.printf "%s\n", debug_eval($', binding).inspect when /^\s*r(?:estart)?$/ $debugger_restart.call when /^\s*h(?:elp)?$/ debug_print_help() else v = debug_eval(input, binding) stdout.printf "%s\n", v.inspect end end end MUTEX.unlock resume_all end def debug_print_help stdout.print <<EOHELP Debugger help v.-0.002b Commands b[reak] [file:|class:]<line|method> b[reak] [class.]<line|method> set breakpoint to some position wat[ch] <expression> set watchpoint to some expression cat[ch] (<exception>|off) set catchpoint to an exception b[reak] list breakpoints cat[ch] show catchpoint del[ete][ nnn] delete some or all breakpoints disp[lay] <expression> add expression into display expression list undisp[lay][ nnn] delete one particular or all display expressions c[ont] run until program ends or hit breakpoint s[tep][ nnn] step (into methods) one line or till line nnn n[ext][ nnn] go over one line or till line nnn w[here] display frames f[rame] alias for where l[ist][ (-|nn-mm)] list program, - lists backwards nn-mm lists given lines up[ nn] move to higher frame down[ nn] move to lower frame fin[ish] return to outer frame tr[ace] (on|off) set trace mode of current thread tr[ace] (on|off) all set trace mode of all threads q[uit] exit from debugger v[ar] g[lobal] show global variables v[ar] l[ocal] show local variables v[ar] i[nstance] <object> show instance variables of object v[ar] c[onst] <object> show constants of object m[ethod] i[nstance] <obj> show methods of object m[ethod] <class|module> show instance methods of class or module th[read] l[ist] list all threads th[read] c[ur[rent]] show current thread th[read] [sw[itch]] <nnn> switch thread context to nnn th[read] stop <nnn> stop thread nnn th[read] resume <nnn> resume thread nnn pp expression evaluate expression and pretty_print its value p expression evaluate expression and print its value r[estart] restart program h[elp] print this help <everything else> evaluate EOHELP end def display_expressions(binding) n = 1 for d in display if d[0] stdout.printf "%d: ", n display_expression(d[1], binding) end n += 1 end end def display_expression(exp, binding) stdout.printf "%s = %s\n", exp, debug_silent_eval(exp, binding).to_s end def frame_set_pos(file, line) if @frames[0] @frames[0][1] = file @frames[0][2] = line end end def display_frames(pos) 0.upto(@frames.size - 1) do |n| if n == pos stdout.print "--> " else stdout.print " " end stdout.print format_frame(n) end end def format_frame(pos) _, file, line, id = @frames[pos] sprintf "#%d %s:%s%s\n", pos + 1, file, line, (id ? ":in `#{id.id2name}'" : "") end def display_list(b, e, file, line) stdout.printf "[%d, %d] in %s\n", b, e, file if lines = SCRIPT_LINES__[file] and lines != true b.upto(e) do |n| if n > 0 && lines[n-1] if n == line stdout.printf "=> %d %s\n", n, lines[n-1].chomp else stdout.printf " %d %s\n", n, lines[n-1].chomp end end end else stdout.printf "No sourcefile available for %s\n", file end end def line_at(file, line) lines = SCRIPT_LINES__[file] if lines return "\n" if lines == true line = lines[line-1] return "\n" unless line return line end return "\n" end def debug_funcname(id) if id.nil? "toplevel" else id.id2name end end def check_break_points(file, klass, pos, binding, id) return false if break_points.empty? n = 1 for b in break_points if b[0] # valid if b[1] == 0 # breakpoint if (b[2] == file and b[3] == pos) or (klass and b[2] == klass and b[3] == pos) stdout.printf "Breakpoint %d, %s at %s:%s\n", n, debug_funcname(id), file, pos return true end elsif b[1] == 1 # watchpoint if debug_silent_eval(b[2], binding) stdout.printf "Watchpoint %d, %s at %s:%s\n", n, debug_funcname(id), file, pos return true end end end n += 1 end return false end def excn_handle(file, line, id, binding) if $!.class <= SystemExit set_trace_func nil exit end if @catch and ($!.class.ancestors.find { |e| e.to_s == @catch }) stdout.printf "%s:%d: `%s' (%s)\n", file, line, $!, $!.class fs = @frames.size tb = caller(0)[-fs..-1] if tb for i in tb stdout.printf "\tfrom %s\n", i end end suspend_all debug_command(file, line, id, binding) end end def trace_func(event, file, line, id, binding, klass) Tracer.trace_func(event, file, line, id, binding, klass) if trace? context(Thread.current).check_suspend @file = file @line = line case event when 'line' frame_set_pos(file, line) if !@no_step or @frames.size == @no_step @stop_next -= 1 @stop_next = -1 if @stop_next < 0 elsif @frames.size < @no_step @stop_next = 0 # break here before leaving... else # nothing to do. skipped. end if @stop_next == 0 or check_break_points(file, nil, line, binding, id) @no_step = nil suspend_all debug_command(file, line, id, binding) end when 'call' @frames.unshift [binding, file, line, id] if check_break_points(file, klass, id.id2name, binding, id) suspend_all debug_command(file, line, id, binding) end when 'c-call' frame_set_pos(file, line) when 'class' @frames.unshift [binding, file, line, id] when 'return', 'end' if @frames.size == @finish_pos @stop_next = 1 @finish_pos = 0 end @frames.shift when 'raise' excn_handle(file, line, id, binding) end @last_file = file end end trap("INT") { DEBUGGER__.interrupt } @last_thread = Thread::main @max_thread = 1 @thread_list = {Thread::main => 1} @break_points = [] @display = [] @waiting = [] @stdout = STDOUT class << DEBUGGER__ # Returns the IO used as stdout. Defaults to STDOUT def stdout @stdout end # Sets the IO used as stdout. Defaults to STDOUT def stdout=(s) @stdout = s end # Returns the display expression list # # See DEBUGGER__ for more usage def display @display end # Returns the list of break points where execution will be stopped. # # See DEBUGGER__ for more useage def break_points @break_points end # Returns the list of waiting threads. # # When stepping through the traces of a function, thread gets suspended, to # be resumed later. def waiting @waiting end def set_trace( arg ) MUTEX.synchronize do make_thread_list for th, in @thread_list context(th).set_trace arg end end arg end def set_last_thread(th) @last_thread = th end def suspend MUTEX.synchronize do make_thread_list for th, in @thread_list next if th == Thread.current context(th).set_suspend end end # Schedule other threads to suspend as soon as possible. Thread.pass end def resume MUTEX.synchronize do make_thread_list @thread_list.each do |th,| next if th == Thread.current context(th).clear_suspend end waiting.each do |th| th.run end waiting.clear end # Schedule other threads to restart as soon as possible. Thread.pass end def context(thread=Thread.current) c = thread[:__debugger_data__] unless c thread[:__debugger_data__] = c = Context.new end c end def interrupt context(@last_thread).stop_next end def get_thread(num) th = @thread_list.key(num) unless th @stdout.print "No thread ##{num}\n" throw :debug_error end th end def thread_list(num) th = get_thread(num) if th == Thread.current @stdout.print "+" else @stdout.print " " end @stdout.printf "%d ", num @stdout.print th.inspect, "\t" file = context(th).instance_eval{@file} if file @stdout.print file,":",context(th).instance_eval{@line} end @stdout.print "\n" end def thread_list_all for th in @thread_list.values.sort thread_list(th) end end def make_thread_list hash = {} for th in Thread::list if @thread_list.key? th hash[th] = @thread_list[th] else @max_thread += 1 hash[th] = @max_thread end end @thread_list = hash end def debug_thread_info(input, binding) case input when /^l(?:ist)?/ make_thread_list thread_list_all when /^c(?:ur(?:rent)?)?$/ make_thread_list thread_list(@thread_list[Thread.current]) when /^(?:sw(?:itch)?\s+)?(\d+)/ make_thread_list th = get_thread($1.to_i) if th == Thread.current @stdout.print "It's the current thread.\n" else thread_list(@thread_list[th]) context(th).stop_next th.run return :cont end when /^stop\s+(\d+)/ make_thread_list th = get_thread($1.to_i) if th == Thread.current @stdout.print "It's the current thread.\n" elsif th.stop? @stdout.print "Already stopped.\n" else thread_list(@thread_list[th]) context(th).suspend end when /^resume\s+(\d+)/ make_thread_list th = get_thread($1.to_i) if th == Thread.current @stdout.print "It's the current thread.\n" elsif !th.stop? @stdout.print "Already running." else thread_list(@thread_list[th]) th.run end end end end stdout.printf "Debug.rb\n" stdout.printf "Emacs support available.\n\n" RubyVM::InstructionSequence.compile_option = { trace_instruction: true } set_trace_func proc { |event, file, line, id, binding, klass, *rest| DEBUGGER__.context.trace_func event, file, line, id, binding, klass } end