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File Uploading Class
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<h1>File Uploading Class</h1>
<p>CodeIgniter's File Uploading Class permits files to be uploaded. You can set various
preferences, restricting the type and size of the files.</p>
<h2>The Process</h2>
<p>Uploading a file involves the following general process:</p>
<ul>
<li>An upload form is displayed, allowing a user to select a file and upload it.</li>
<li>When the form is submitted, the file is uploaded to the destination you specify.</li>
<li>Along the way, the file is validated to make sure it is allowed to be uploaded based on the preferences you set.</li>
<li>Once uploaded, the user will be shown a success message.</li>
</ul>
<p>To demonstrate this process here is brief tutorial. Afterward you'll find reference information.</p>
<h2>Creating the Upload Form</h2>
<p>Using a text editor, create a form called <dfn>upload_form.php</dfn>. In it, place this code and save it to your <samp>applications/views/</samp>
folder:</p>
<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="23">
<html>
<head>
<title>Upload Form</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php echo $error;?>
<?php echo form_open_multipart('upload/do_upload');?>
<input type="file" name="userfile" size="20" />
<br /><br />
<input type="submit" value="upload" />
</form>
</body>
</html></textarea>
<p>You'll notice we are using a form helper to create the opening form tag. File uploads require a multipart form, so the helper
creates the proper syntax for you. You'll also notice we have an $error variable. This is so we can show error messages in the event
the user does something wrong.</p>
<h2>The Success Page</h2>
<p>Using a text editor, create a form called <dfn>upload_success.php</dfn>.
In it, place this code and save it to your <samp>applications/views/</samp> folder:</p>
<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="20"><html>
<head>
<title>Upload Form</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>Your file was successfully uploaded!</h3>
<ul>
<?php foreach($upload_data as $item => $value):?>
<li><?php echo $item;?>: <?php echo $value;?></li>
<?php endforeach; ?>
</ul>
<p><?php echo anchor('upload', 'Upload Another File!'); ?></p>
</body>
</html></textarea>
<h2>The Controller</h2>
<p>Using a text editor, create a controller called <dfn>upload.php</dfn>. In it, place this code and save it to your <samp>applications/controllers/</samp>
folder:</p>
<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="43"><?php
class Upload extends Controller {
function Upload()
{
parent::Controller();
$this->load->helper(array('form', 'url'));
}
function index()
{
$this->load->view('upload_form', array('error' => ' ' ));
}
function do_upload()
{
$config['upload_path'] = './uploads/';
$config['allowed_types'] = 'gif|jpg|png';
$config['max_size'] = '100';
$config['max_width'] = '1024';
$config['max_height'] = '768';
$this->load->library('upload', $config);
if ( ! $this->upload->do_upload())
{
$error = array('error' => $this->upload->display_errors());
$this->load->view('upload_form', $error);
}
else
{
$data = array('upload_data' => $this->upload->data());
$this->load->view('upload_success', $data);
}
}
}
?></textarea>
<h2>The Upload Folder</h2>
<p>You'll need a destination folder for your uploaded images. Create a folder at the root of your CodeIgniter installation called
<dfn>uploads</dfn> and set its file permissions to 777.</p>
<h2>Try it!</h2>
<p>To try your form, visit your site using a URL similar to this one:</p>
<code>example.com/index.php/<var>upload</var>/</code>
<p>You should see an upload form. Try uploading an image file (either a jpg, gif, or png). If the path in your
controller is correct it should work.</p>
<p> </p>
<h1>Reference Guide</h1>
<h2>Initializing the Upload Class</h2>
<p>Like most other classes in CodeIgniter, the Upload class is initialized in your controller using the <dfn>$this->load->library</dfn> function:</p>
<code>$this->load->library('upload');</code>
<p>Once the Upload class is loaded, the object will be available using: <dfn>$this->upload</dfn></p>
<h2>Setting Preferences</h2>
<p>Similar to other libraries, you'll control what is allowed to be upload based on your preferences. In the controller you
built above you set the following preferences:</p>
<code>$config['upload_path'] = './uploads/';<br />
$config['allowed_types'] = 'gif|jpg|png';<br />
$config['max_size'] = '100';<br />
$config['max_width'] = '1024';<br />
$config['max_height'] = '768';<br />
<br />
$this->load->library('upload', $config);<br /><br />
// Alternately you can set preferences by calling the initialize function. Useful if you auto-load the class:<br />
$this->upload->initialize($config);</code>
<p>The above preferences should be fairly self-explanatory. Below is a table describing all available preferences.</p>
<h2>Preferences</h2>
<p>The following preferences are available. The default value indicates what will be used if you do not specify that preference.</p>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" border="0" style="width:100%" class="tableborder">
<tr>
<th>Preference</th>
<th>Default Value</th>
<th>Options</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td"><strong>upload_path</strong></td>
<td class="td">None</td>
<td class="td">None</td>
<td class="td">The path to the folder where the upload should be placed. The folder must be writable and the path can be absolute or relative.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td"><strong>allowed_types</strong></td>
<td class="td">None</td>
<td class="td">None</td>
<td class="td">The mime types corresponding to the types of files you allow to be uploaded. Usually the file extension can be used as the mime type. Separate multiple types with a pipe.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td"><strong>file_name</strong></td>
<td class="td">None</td>
<td class="td">Desired file name</td>
<td class="td">
<p>If set CodeIgniter will rename the uploaded file to this name.</p>
<p class="important"><strong>Note:</strong>The filename should not include a file extension.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td"><strong>overwrite</strong></td>
<td class="td">FALSE</td>
<td class="td">TRUE/FALSE (boolean)</td>
<td class="td">If set to true, if a file with the same name as the one you are uploading exists, it will be overwritten. If set to false, a number will be appended to the filename if another with the same name exists.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td"><strong>max_size</strong></td>
<td class="td">0</td>
<td class="td">None</td>
<td class="td">The maximum size (in kilobytes) that the file can be. Set to zero for no limit. Note: Most PHP installations have their own limit, as specified in the php.ini file. Usually 2 MB (or 2048 KB) by default.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td"><strong>max_width</strong></td>
<td class="td">0</td>
<td class="td">None</td>
<td class="td">The maximum width (in pixels) that the file can be. Set to zero for no limit.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td"><strong>max_height</strong></td>
<td class="td">0</td>
<td class="td">None</td>
<td class="td">The maximum height (in pixels) that the file can be. Set to zero for no limit.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td"><strong>max_filename</strong></td>
<td class="td">0</td>
<td class="td">None</td>
<td class="td">The maximum length that a file name can be. Set to zero for no limit.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td"><strong>encrypt_name</strong></td>
<td class="td">FALSE</td>
<td class="td">TRUE/FALSE (boolean)</td>
<td class="td">If set to TRUE the file name will be converted to a random encrypted string. This can be useful if you would like the file saved with a name that can not be discerned by the person uploading it.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td"><strong>remove_spaces</strong></td>
<td class="td">TRUE</td>
<td class="td">TRUE/FALSE (boolean)</td>
<td class="td">If set to TRUE, any spaces in the file name will be converted to underscores. This is recommended.</td>
</tr>
</table>
<h2>Setting preferences in a config file</h2>
<p>If you prefer not to set preferences using the above method, you can instead put them into a config file.
Simply create a new file called the <var>upload.php</var>, add the <var>$config</var>
array in that file. Then save the file in: <var>config/upload.php</var> and it will be used automatically. You
will NOT need to use the <dfn>$this->upload->initialize</dfn> function if you save your preferences in a config file.</p>
<h2>Function Reference</h2>
<p>The following functions are available</p>
<h2>$this->upload->do_upload()</h2>
<p>Performs the upload based on the preferences you've set. Note: By default the upload routine expects the file to come from a form field
called <dfn>userfile</dfn>, and the form must be a "multipart type:</p>
<code><form method="post" action="some_action" enctype="multipart/form-data" /></code>
<p>If you would like to set your own field name simply pass its value to the <dfn>do_upload</dfn> function:</p>
<code>
$field_name = "some_field_name";<br />
$this->upload->do_upload($field_name)</code>
<h2>$this->upload->display_errors()</h2>
<p>Retrieves any error messages if the <dfn>do_upload()</dfn> function returned false. The function does not echo automatically, it
returns the data so you can assign it however you need.</p>
<h3>Formatting Errors</h3>
<p>By default the above function wraps any errors within <p> tags. You can set your own delimiters like this:</p>
<code>$this->upload->display_errors('<var><p></var>', '<var></p></var>');</code>
<h2>$this->upload->data()</h2>
<p>This is a helper function that returns an array containing all of the data related to the file you uploaded.
Here is the array prototype:</p>
<code>Array<br />
(<br />
[file_name] => mypic.jpg<br />
[file_type] => image/jpeg<br />
[file_path] => /path/to/your/upload/<br />
[full_path] => /path/to/your/upload/jpg.jpg<br />
[raw_name] => mypic<br />
[orig_name] => mypic.jpg<br />
[file_ext] => .jpg<br />
[file_size] => 22.2<br />
[is_image] => 1<br />
[image_width] => 800<br />
[image_height] => 600<br />
[image_type] => jpeg<br />
[image_size_str] => width="800" height="200"<br />
)</code>
<h3>Explanation</h3>
<p>Here is an explanation of the above array items.</p>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" border="0" style="width:100%" class="tableborder">
<tr><th>Item</th><th>Description</th></tr>
<tr><td class="td"><strong>file_name</strong></td>
<td class="td">The name of the file that was uploaded including the file extension.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="td"><strong>file_type</strong></td>
<td class="td">The file's Mime type</td></tr>
<tr><td class="td"><strong>file_path</strong></td>
<td class="td">The absolute server path to the file</td></tr>
<tr><td class="td"><strong>full_path</strong></td>
<td class="td">The absolute server path including the file name</td></tr>
<tr><td class="td"><strong>raw_name</strong></td>
<td class="td">The file name without the extension</td></tr>
<tr><td class="td"><strong>orig_name</strong></td>
<td class="td">The original file name. This is only useful if you use the encrypted name option.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="td"><strong>file_ext</strong></td>
<td class="td">The file extension with period</td></tr>
<tr><td class="td"><strong>file_size</strong></td>
<td class="td">The file size in kilobytes</td></tr>
<tr><td class="td"><strong>is_image</strong></td>
<td class="td">Whether the file is an image or not. 1 = image. 0 = not.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="td"><strong>image_width</strong></td>
<td class="td">Image width.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="td"><strong>image_heigth</strong></td>
<td class="td">Image height</td></tr>
<tr><td class="td"><strong>image_type</strong></td>
<td class="td">Image type. Typically the file extension without the period.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="td"><strong>image_size_str</strong></td>
<td class="td">A string containing the width and height. Useful to put into an image tag.</td></tr>
</table>
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