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class="section" id="error-handling"> <h1>Error Handling<a class="headerlink" href="#error-handling" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p>CodeIgniter lets you build error reporting into your applications using the functions described below. In addition, it has an error logging class that permits error and debugging messages to be saved as text files.</p> <div class="admonition note"> <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> <p class="last">By default, CodeIgniter displays all PHP errors. You might wish to change this behavior once your development is complete. You’ll find the error_reporting() function located at the top of your main index.php file. Disabling error reporting will NOT prevent log files from being written if there are errors.</p> </div> <p>Unlike most systems in CodeIgniter, the error functions are simple procedural interfaces that are available globally throughout the application. This approach permits error messages to get triggered without having to worry about class/function scoping.</p> <p>CodeIgniter also returns a status code whenever a portion of the core calls <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">exit()</span></tt>. This exit status code is separate from the HTTP status code, and serves as a notice to other processes that may be watching of whether the script completed successfully, or if not, what kind of problem it encountered that caused it to abort. These values are defined in <em>application/config/constants.php</em>. While exit status codes are most useful in CLI settings, returning the proper code helps server software keep track of your scripts and the health of your application.</p> <p>The following functions let you generate errors:</p> <dl class="function"> <dt id="show_error"> <tt class="descname">show_error</tt><big>(</big><em>$message</em>, <em>$status_code</em>, <em>$heading = 'An Error Was Encountered'</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#show_error" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none"> <col class="field-name" /> <col class="field-body" /> <tbody valign="top"> <tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple"> <li><strong>$message</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – Error message</li> <li><strong>$status_code</strong> (<em>int</em>) – HTTP Response status code</li> <li><strong>$heading</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Error page heading</li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>This function will display the error message supplied to it using the error template appropriate to your execution:</p> <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nx">application</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">views</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">errors</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">html</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">error_general</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">php</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>or:</p> <blockquote> <div>application/views/errors/cli/error_general.php</div></blockquote> <p>The optional parameter <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$status_code</span></tt> determines what HTTP status code should be sent with the error. If <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$status_code</span></tt> is less than 100, the HTTP status code will be set to 500, and the exit status code will be set to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$status_code</span> <span class="pre">+</span> <span class="pre">EXIT__AUTO_MIN</span></tt>. If that value is larger than <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">EXIT__AUTO_MAX</span></tt>, or if <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$status_code</span></tt> is 100 or higher, the exit status code will be set to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">EXIT_ERROR</span></tt>. You can check in <em>application/config/constants.php</em> for more detail.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="show_404"> <tt class="descname">show_404</tt><big>(</big><em>$page = ''</em>, <em>$log_error = TRUE</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#show_404" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none"> <col class="field-name" /> <col class="field-body" /> <tbody valign="top"> <tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple"> <li><strong>$page</strong> (<em>string</em>) – URI string</li> <li><strong>$log_error</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether to log the error</li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>This function will display the 404 error message supplied to it using the error template appropriate to your execution:</p> <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nx">application</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">views</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">errors</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">html</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">error_404</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">php</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>or:</p> <blockquote> <div>application/views/errors/cli/error_404.php</div></blockquote> <p>The function expects the string passed to it to be the file path to the page that isn’t found. The exit status code will be set to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">EXIT_UNKNOWN_FILE</span></tt>. Note that CodeIgniter automatically shows 404 messages if controllers are not found.</p> <p>CodeIgniter automatically logs any <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">show_404()</span></tt> calls. Setting the optional second parameter to FALSE will skip logging.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="log_message"> <tt class="descname">log_message</tt><big>(</big><em>$level</em>, <em>$message</em>, <em>$php_error = FALSE</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#log_message" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none"> <col class="field-name" /> <col class="field-body" /> <tbody valign="top"> <tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple"> <li><strong>$level</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Log level: ‘error’, ‘debug’ or ‘info’</li> <li><strong>$message</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Message to log</li> <li><strong>$php_error</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether we’re logging a native PHP error message</li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>This function lets you write messages to your log files. You must supply one of three “levels” in the first parameter, indicating what type of message it is (debug, error, info), with the message itself in the second parameter.</p> <p>Example:</p> <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$some_var</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">log_message</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'error'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'Some variable did not contain a value.'</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">log_message</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'debug'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'Some variable was correctly set'</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="nx">log_message</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'info'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'The purpose of some variable is to provide some value.'</span><span class="p">);</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>There are three message types:</p> <ol class="arabic simple"> <li>Error Messages. These are actual errors, such as PHP errors or user errors.</li> <li>Debug Messages. These are messages that assist in debugging. For example, if a class has been initialized, you could log this as debugging info.</li> <li>Informational Messages. These are the lowest priority messages, simply giving information regarding some process.</li> </ol> <div class="admonition note"> <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> <p class="last">In order for the log file to actually be written, the <em>logs/</em> directory must be writable. In addition, you must set the “threshold” for logging in <em>application/config/config.php</em>. You might, for example, only want error messages to be logged, and not the other two types. If you set it to zero logging will be disabled.</p> </div> </dd></dl> </div> </div> <footer> <div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation"> <a href="caching.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="Web Page Caching">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></span></a> <a href="routing.html" class="btn btn-neutral" title="URI Routing"><span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left"></span> Previous</a> </div> <hr/> <div role="contentinfo"> <p> © Copyright 2014 - 2016, British Columbia Institute of Technology. Last updated on Mar 21, 2016. </p> </div> Built with <a href="http://sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> using a <a href="https://github.com/snide/sphinx_rtd_theme">theme</a> provided by <a href="https://readthedocs.org">Read the Docs</a>. </footer> </div> </div> </section> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = { URL_ROOT:'../', VERSION:'3.0.6', COLLAPSE_INDEX:false, FILE_SUFFIX:'.html', HAS_SOURCE: false }; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/js/theme.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function () { SphinxRtdTheme.StickyNav.enable(); }); </script> </body> </html>